Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections in children. Early diagnosis, although important, can be a problem for physicians of all specialties. The manuscript presents the latest guidelines for diagnosis (methods of urine collection and interpretation of the results), treatment of lower and upper urinary tract infections with a typical as well as atypical course, prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections, and management of special conditions such as UTI in pregnant teenagers. In addition, the article discusses the dosage of medications recommended for urinary tract infections, methods of prophylaxis of recurrent infections (including non-pharmacological methods), and presents indications for imaging studies in children with UTI. The study is based mainly on the 2021 Guidelines of the Polish Society of Pediatric Nephrology.