RESEARCH PAPER
Expanding .308 Winchester calibre ammunition and soft tissue injury
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University of Lomza, Poland
Submission date: 2024-12-16
Final revision date: 2025-05-05
Acceptance date: 2025-05-06
Publication date: 2025-12-30
LW 2025;103(4):327-333
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ABSTRACT
Introduction and objective: The aim of the study was to analyse injuries inflicted by Scenar bullets, which resemble dum-dum (expanding) projectiles in their design. Particular attention was paid to the impact of bullet velocity on the shape of the temporary cavity in soft tissue and the possibility of predicting wound profile parameters at comparable kinetic energies of the bullets. Material and methods: An experiment was conducted using a block of ballistic gelatin cooled to 6°C. The block was fired at from a distance of 25 m using an Oberland Arms OA10 rifle, calibre .308 Winchester. The velocity of the bullet and its movement in the gelatin were recorded using a high-speed Phantom Miro 310 camera at 20,000 frames per second. The expansion and fragmentation of the bullet, as well as the effect of kinetic energy on the formation of the temporary cavity were assessed. Results: A description of the phenomena was presented, the process of permanent and temporary cavity formation created by the Scenar bullet was discussed, and photographic documentation was presented. Conclusions: The velocity of the Scenar bullet affects the shape of the temporary cavity within the soft tissue. A lighter bullet (167 gr) with lower kinetic energy produced a larger temporary cavity compared to a heavier bullet with higher energy (185 gr) due to loss of stability.