Kidney stones are a widespread medical issue that affects around 11% of the global population. They can be very painful and tend to recur. Their formation is complex and influenced by several factors, such as being overweight, not drinking enough fluids, eating poorly, and having long-term health conditions. This shows how important it is to implement effective prevention methods, with diet playing a key role. The purpose of this review is to look at the issue of kidney stones and to find out whether a vegetarian diet could be an effective way to prevent or treat them. Available evidence suggests that a vegetarian diet can be helpful in preventing and managing kidney stones. Potential benefits include 1) lower risk of calcium-oxalate stones: fruits and vegetables in a vegetarian diet contain high levels of citrates, which helps keep calcium in the urine and stop stones from forming. 2) prevention of uric-acid stones: a vegetarian diet is lower in purines, resulting in reduced urinary uric acid. 3) urine pH balance: the diet is rich in potassium and magnesium, helping to make the urine more alkaline, which supports the dissolution of uric-acid and cystine stones. 4) Oxalate balance: although some plant foods have high oxalate levels, a balanced vegetarian diet with adequate calcium can reduce intestinal oxalate absorption. A well-planned vegetarian diet can therefore be a useful tool for preventing and managing kidney stones. Its benefits stem from the ability to make urine more alkaline, lower uric acid levels, and increase citrate levels that protect against stones. However, it is important to ensure adequate calcium intake to counterbalance oxalate intake. More research is needed to fully understand the long-term benefits and possible risks of vegetarian dietary patterns for kidney health.