The discovery of glucocorticoids represented a crucial moment in the history of medicine, particularly in the treatment of rheumatic diseases. These powerful hormonal substances revolutionized therapeutic approaches, enabling effective management of severe diseases that previously resulted in disability or even death. Glucocorticoids remain an essential part of emergency treatment. The first section of this work presents the history of research on adrenal hormones, biochemical and pharmacological aspects of their action, as well as the general principles of glucocorticoid therapy in rheumatic diseases. The paper also discusses detailed expert recommendations and guidelines from recognized rheumatological organizations regarding the use of glucocorticoids in the treatment of arthritis and systemic connective tissue disorders. This review presents the current and systematic knowledge on the role of glucocorticoids in the therapy of rheumatic diseases, with particular emphasis on their use in daily clinical practice.