The article presents a history of development of military surgical departments in Warsaw: general surgery, orthopaedics, urology, neurosurgery and plastic surgery. It covers the years 1945-1974, from the date of establishing the first military surgical department at Koszykowa 78, until 1974, when the Surgery Institute of the Postgraduate Education Center of the Military Medical Academy (currently the Military Institute of Medicine – National Research Institute) in Warsaw was established, and presents the main directions of research and the most important scientific achievements of clinics in this period. The clinics’ achievements are part of the 77-year history of the Military Institute of Medicine.