The third molars are the most diverse teeth in human dentition in terms of morphology and size. Their buds are formed between 20th week of gestation and 5th year of age, and their eruption occurs between 16th and 25th year of age. The development of third molars is assessed mainly on orthopantomographic radiographs, and the first signs of development of these teeth should be visible in the image before the age of 10. The aim of this study is to assess the presence of third molars in children aged 10 years on the basis of orthopantomographic radiographs. The analyzed pantomographic images of 111 patients of the Specialist Military Orthodontic Unit in Poznan showed presence of third molars in 87 patients (78.38%). The results of the study showed that at the age of 10, patients examined at the Specialist Military Orthodontic Unit in Poznań, at the age of 10, have a development stage of third molars similar to the stages reported in the scientific literature.