Cardiovascular diseases pose a significant health threat also to professional soldiers, who theoretically should present with better health due to rigorous medical requirements and lifestyle. In reality, the rates of overweight, hypertension, and lipid disorders among military personnel of NATO member states are alarmingly high, which may negatively impact their combat capability and operational readiness. The aim of this paper was to assess the prevalence of classical cardiovascular risk factors among NATO soldiers and to analyze their potential impact on health and operational performance. The literature review included original papers published in the PubMed database between 2019 and 2024. Based on the selection criteria, only studies evaluating classical cardiovascular risk factors such as overweight, obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and smoking, in active-duty NATO soldiers were considered. The data were subjected to a comparative analysis across different armed forces of NATO member states. The review findings indicate a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among NATO soldiers, with significant differences between individual countries. The results highlight the need for modern preventive strategies to minimize cardiovascular risk in the NATO military population.