Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which often affects the lungs, but can also invade other organs. Despite the obligation of universal vaccination against tuberculosis, there are sill cases of disease, especially in unvaccinated children. This article describes a clinical case of a 17-year-old girl who was admitted to the hospital with symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis. The girl presented with cough, fever, and weakness. A chest X-ray confirmed characteristic lesions indicative of tuberculosis. Thorough clinical evaluation and laboratory tests confirmed the diagnosis. The patient had a questionable history of tuberculosis vaccination, which posed a risk factor for infection. Treatment with anti-tuberculosis antibiotics was initiated, and after several months, an improvement in the girl’s health status was observed. Follow-up examinations showed regression of lung lesions, confirming therapeutic effectiveness. This case underscores the importance of tuberculosis vaccination and the necessity of monitoring unvaccinated children for prompt detection and treatment of the disease.