Introduction: Military service carries health risks that extend beyond the hazards associated with direct combat. Insights into the history of military medicine reveal the evolution of medical practices and surgery, particularly in the field of maxillofacial surgery. This specialty owes its advancement to pioneers such as Harold Gillies and Johannes Esser, whose innovations reached their peak during periods of armed conflicts. Objective: The review aims to raise awareness of the specific dental health needs of military personnel, with a particular focus on barodontalgia, dental pain caused by changes in ambient pressure, common among military pilots and divers. Methods: The literature on dental challenges among military personnel was analysed, considering the impact of working conditions on oral health (searched phrases: health problems in the military, military dentistry, barodontalgia). Common issues such as dental caries, periodontal diseases, and barodontalgia were identified, suggesting the need for better dental care and further research. Conclusions: Complex health challenges in military communities, from post-traumatic stress disorder to dental problems were identified. There is a need for continuous development of military medicine, a holistic approach to the health of soldiers, including oral health, to improve their quality of life and operational readiness. Research findings indicate the need to develop dedicated diagnostic and therapeutic protocols, adapted to the unique conditions of military service.