Background. Nowadays, everolimus and axitinib remain the only drugs reimbursed by the Polish National Health Fund in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) after failure on tyrosine kinase inhibitor. The aim of the study. Comparison of antitumor efficacy of everolimus and axitinib in terms of overall survival (OS), progression‑free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR). Material and methods. A retrospective analysis was conducted in consecutive patients with metastatic RCC who started second‑line therapy with everolimus or axitinib at the Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine between January 2014 and July 2017. Results. Forty six patients received everolimus and 32 received axitinib in the study. Median OS, median PFS, ORR and DCR were 12.5 months, 3.1 months, 0% and 46% in the everolimus group, and 13.7 months, 5.6 months, 3% and 59% in the axitinib group. No significant differences were found for OS, PFS, ORR and DCR. Conclusions. Everolimus and axitinib had similar antitumor efficacy in the assessed population.