Lviv is a city that for centuries was a great center of Polish science, culture and art. Most of the inhabitants were Poles who amicably co‑existed with representatives of other nations living in the city, like Jews, Armenians, Ukrainians, Russians and others. In the interwar period, the city became the center of activity of Ukrainian nationalist and terrorist organizations, such as the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and the Ukrainian Military Organization. The height of extreme Ukrainian nationalist activities took place during World War II. The most painful blow that Ukrainian nationalists inflicted on the Polish medical circle was the murder of Professor Bolesław Jałowy (1906–1943). The murderer has never been punished. The death of a 37‑year‑old scientist caused intimidation and the first large emigration of Polish lecturers of the Faculty of Medicine at the Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv, who left their beloved city forever.