Lipid disorders (dyslipidemias) in children have so far been associated with genetically determined lipid disorders (such as familial hypercholesterolemia). Due to unfavorable lifestyle changes in recent years, in addition to congenital forms of dyslipidemia, acquired, environmentally determined lipid disorders are increasingly being found in children, which carries the risk of developing atherosclerosis and future cardiovascular incidents. In 2021, Polish recommendations for diagnosing and treating dyslipidemia were published, for the first time including the pediatric population. The article discusses lipid metabolism in humans and the norms of lipid indices in developmental age. In addition, the most common genetically determined dyslipidemias are presented, as well as forms secondary to kidney disease and diabetes. In addition, the article discusses treatment options for lipid disorders in developmental age. All children with dyslipidemia require non-pharmacological management. The indications for implementing pharmacotherapy, the most commonly used drugs, dosage, and possible complications are also discussed. The use of statins in children is discussed in detail.