20th century medicine saw the development of many physiotherapy fields. Among these, a new department called Cryotherapy or Cold Treatment was created. This paper focuses on systemic cryotherapy, which is performed in a specially designed cryogenic chamber. Despite extensive literature on cryotherapy, the general indications mainly include pain and oedema reduction. Thus, they are often limited to rheumatologic diseases and osteoarthritis. Disability, joint pain and muscular atrophy, which occur at an increasingly young age, represent a civilization problem faced by societies suffering from physical activity deficit. Furthermore, disorders such as obesity and depression are on the rise. In both cases, the underlying cause can be traced to lifestyle changes. Inadequate diet and insufficient physical activity from an early age lead to the so-called lifestyle diseases at an increasingly early age. Whole body cryotherapy seems to be an ideal option for such patients as cold reduces pain that can occur even in fibromyalgia. This is confirmed by recent studies. Among other things, cryotherapy may be successfully used for chronic pain in patients with osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic diseases, as well as multiple sclerosis. In these patients, systemic cryotherapy may be the solution that not only reduces pain, but also has an anti-oedematous and anti-inflammatory effect.