Chronic diabetic wounds are one of the main complications of untreated or poorly controlled diabetes. The most common type of chronic diabetic wound is a diabetic foot ulcer. Healing such wounds is extremely difficult and requires diligence on the part of both the physician and the patient. Therefore, it is important to gain a thorough understanding of the available methods for treating diabetic foot ulcers. A literature review was conducted using the PubMed and Google Scholar databases, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The following search terms and their combinations in English were used: “chronic diabetic wound”, “treatment”, “diabetic foot ulcers”, “wound healing”, “advanced wound care”, and the Boolean operator “and”. Articles published between 2020 and 2025 were included. Treatment methods were divided into wound bed preparation, oxygen-based therapies, mechanical and biological therapies, tissue engineering approaches, and wound dressings. All therapies were described based on the available information. Chronic diabetic wounds are a serious clinical problem affecting an increasing number of patients. The approach to treatment should be multidisciplinary and individualised to the patient’s needs. There are many methods available for treating diabetic foot ulcers. However, not all of them have been sufficiently studied to allow their safe and reliable use in patients.