The aim of the article is to present the controversy related to the use of compulsory vaccination by the authorities of individual countries of a measure of guaranteeing health safety. The admissibility of granting mandatory status to vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 virus infection raises the question of the permissible limits of interference in the sphere of individual freedom. This problem is therefore related to both human rights protection systems and the perception of the essence of security by public authorities. It was pointed out that the essence of the problems and controversies related to the possible introduction of compulsory vaccinations is not so much a legal dispute, but concerns the political, social and even cultural dimension of the case.