E-cigarettes are gaining popularity as an alternative to traditional cigarettes, especially among young people. However, their use is associated with severe health consequences, such as e-cigarette or vaping product useassociated lung injury (EVALI), a lung injury linked to e-cigarette use or vaping. The objective of this study was to discuss the health consequences of using e-cigarettes, with particular emphasis on the negative effects of vitamin E acetate. Google Scholar, PubMed and SpringerLink databases were used for the literature review. The search terms in English included: „EVALI,” „lung injury,” „pulmonary,” „respiratory,” „e-cigarette,” „vitamin E acetate,” „vaping,” and „vape.” Articles published from 2019 onwards were included. Recent studies focus on the role of vitamin E acetate in the pathophysiology of EVALI. The mechanism by which this substance can cause lung injury remains unknown, but its potential harmfulness may result from its decomposition during heating into toxic substances such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, and ketenes. Tocopherol acetate, as a surface-active substance, damages the pulmonary surfactant, leading to acute respiratory failure. Despite the increasing popularity of e-cigarettes, their negative health effects are still poorly described. In particular, determining long-term consequences is challenging due to the short observation period for e-cigarette users. EVALI is diagnosed based on the exclusion of other conditions and a positive history of e-cigarette use.