Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a structural or functional kidney dysfunction lasting at least 3 months. It affects approximately 11.9% of adults in Poland and diabetic kidney disease is the most frequent cause of CKD. A special diet and nutrition assessment should accompany pharmacological treatment in patients with this disease. Low protein diets (LPDs) or very low protein diets (vLPDs) with ketoanalogs supplementation are desirable. A significant component of the diet, apart from protein content, shall be proper supply of energy, quantity and quality of fats, content of mineral components, like sodium, potassium, phosphates and water‑soluble vitamins. In the recent years, attention is paid to the fructose intake, which enhances insulin resistance. Implementation of dietary recommendations may delay the disease progression and the renal replacement therapy. The proper diet influences favourably the nutritional status, metabolic disorders and quality of patients’ life. Thus may contribute to a reduction in direct and indirect costs of CKD’s treatment.