Air pollution is currently one of the most critical determinants of environmental degradation, negatively affecting both plants and animals, but also structures and construction materials, and above all the health and quality of human life. The European Environment Agency indicates that the premature deaths of 520,000 EU citizens (including more than 51,000 Poles) per year are attributed to fine particulate matter (i.e. PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide and tropospheric ozone. This phenomenon is to the greatest extent related to emissions from the municipal sector and transport, whereas emissions from the energy production and distribution sector and industry are of less importance. These emissions result in one of the highest concentrations of air pollutants (in particular PM10 and PM2.5 and benzo(a)pyrene) across the whole European Union. The consequence is unusually high exposure of Poles to polluted air, resulting in, among others, the above mentioned high mortality rate in comparison to the remaining 27 countries of the EU.