Urinary tract infections (UTI) are among the most common childhood diseases. Proper urine collection in the youngest children is technically difficult and therefore can lead to false-positive results of bacteriological tests obtained after several days of waiting. In case of inconclusive urinalysis results, antibiotic administration is delayed until obtaining the result of bacteriological test, which may aggravate the infection and increase the risk of complications. At the same time, antibiotic is often administered in cases where leukocyturia is due to inadequate urine sampling and pathogens are cultured in a bacteriological test as a result of contamination. This exposes children to unnecessary destruction of normal intestinal bacterial flora and gradual build-up of bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Therefore, new inflammation biomarkers are being sought in order to differentiate urinary tract infections from febrile illnesses of other causes. The paper presents new local inflammatory markers that may be helpful in diagnosis of UTI. They include: YKL40 protein, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, interleukin 8 and 6, Kidney Injury Molecule-1 and calprotectin.