The assessment of current geopolitical conditions shows instability of the existing international systems. ln this context much significance is attached to the national capacity to ensure security and the Polish Armed Forces potential. The article refers to major issues of medical support of combat operations. The authors focus on key factors conditioning the restoration and effective reorganization of the military health service. It is absolutely necessary to undertake certain actions to adjust the military health service to current security and defense challenges facing the country, yet, the time for introducing the changes is limited.